Pesticide residue management in Brazil and proposal for mitigation

Abstract

The increase in the use of pesticides on crops accompanied the expansion of agricultural areas and increased debates about the possible adverse effects of using these products. Although they are essential in managing pests, diseases, and weeds, even when used correctly, they can cause harm to human health, the environment, and other non-target organisms. Brazil is one of the largest consumers of pesticides, and the legislation that regulates its use has evolved. However, issues related to pesticide waste management have not followed this evolution. Therefore, it is essential that improvements be made to the management of this waste and that sustainable tools be proposed to mitigate possible negative impacts. A viable and low-cost tool is phytoremediation. This thesis aims to address the main aspects of Brazilian environmental legislation and its implications for managing pesticide residues, analyze the management of these residues in Brazil's food, water, and soil, and explore phytoremediation as a green technology for environmental decontamination. Brazilian legislation, although advanced, still faces challenges in effective implementation and supervision, but it is essential for environmental protection and public health. Creating an interinstitutional steering committee and a unified digital platform to facilitate information sharing can facilitate pesticide waste management in Brazil. As a mitigation proposal, herbicide phytoremediation proved efficient for decontaminating areas with herbicide residues and protecting water courses.